ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of formononetin (FMN) on cognitive behavior and inflammation in aging rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Methods SD rats aged about 70 weeks were divided into healthy control group, CUMS model group, CUMS combined with 10 mg/kg FMN group, CUMS combined with 20 mg/kg FMN group and CUMS combined with 1.8 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride (Flu) group. Except for healthy control group, other groups were stimulated with CUMS and administered drugs for 28 days. Sugar water preference, forced swimming experiment and open field experiment were used to observe the emotional behavior of rats in each group. HE staining was used to observe the pathological injury degree of brain equine area. The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were detected by the kit. The apoptosis was tested by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) in the brain tissue. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in peripheral blood were measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was used to detect Bcl2, Bcl2 associated X protein (BAX), cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in brain tissues. Results Compared with CUMS model group, sugar water consumption, open field activity time, open field travel distance and swimming activity time significantly increased in the CUMS combined with 20 mg/kg FMN group and the CUMS combined with 1.8 mg/kg Flu group. The number of new outarm entry increased significantly, while the number of initial arm entry and other arm entry decreased significantly. The pathological damage of brain equine area was alleviated, and the contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were significantly increased. The ratio of BAX/Bcl2 and the expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 protein as well as the number of apoptotic cells were significantly decreased. The contents of TNF-α, iNOS and IL-6 were significantly decreased. The protein levels of TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 were significantly decreased. Conclusion FMN can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors by blocking NF-κB pathway and improve cognitive and behavioral ability of CUMS aged rats.
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Horses , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Signal Transduction , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Caspase 3/metabolism , Caspase 9/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/pharmacology , Serotonin/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Hippocampus/metabolism , CognitionABSTRACT
Objective To determine the trajectories of the myelin water faction of the corpus callosum of infants.Methods Continuous collection of 100 health 0-2 years old baby.Inclusion criteria are as follows:the birth mother with no complications during pregnancy, no drinking habits,without hypoxia brain injury occurs,and developing normally,conducted by the pediatric neurology doctors clinical evaluation no abnormal neurological signs,no systemic diseases involve the nervous system.Using GE 1.5T magnetic resonance imager, 8 channel head coil,T1WI,T2WI and sagittal T1WI were performed,and the whole brain SPGR and SSFP sequence were scanned. The region of interest(ROI)was placed in the genu of the corpus callosum(ROI1),the central region of the body(ROI2)and splenium of corpus callosum(ROI3).The volume of ROI was(100 ± 20)mm3,and the myelin water fraction was calculated.Results The trajectories curve equation of the myelin water faction of the genu,body and splenium of the corpus callosum are as follows respectively:genu y=0.068 1ln(x)-0.330 6,R2=0.955 8;body y=0.062 8ln(x)-0.297 5,R2=0.937 3;splenium y=0.057 5ln(x)-0.265 2,R2=0.923 4.Conclusion The application of magnetic resonance myelin water fraction can be used to quantitatively evaluate the myelin development process.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of using total glucosides of paeony (TGP)for treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)accompanied by low white blood cell(WBC) count. Methods According to the revised SLE Classification Standard of American College of Rheumatology in 1982,62 cases of SLE accompanied by low WBC consistent with the standard were randomly divided into experimental group(31 cases)and control group(31 cases). The conventional therapy plus prednisone of 0.5-1.0 mg?kg-1?d-1 was applied for treatment in both groups,and in the experimental group,additionally TGP(0.6 g orally each time,three times a day)was given. The therapeutic course in both groups was 12 weeks. The changes in following parameters of two groups were noted at baseline and after treatment:WBC,complement C3,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),liver and kidney function,etc;the SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI)score, the therapeutic effects and incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated in two groups. Results After 12 weeks of treatment,WBC and C3 were significantly increased,and ESR,CRP,SLEDAI were significantly decreased in the two groups,the improvement being more significant in the experimental group〔WBC(×109/L):5.38±1.32 vs. 4.16±1.39,complement C3(g/L):1.28±0.32 vs. 0.86±0.26,ESR(mm/1 h):22.36±5.26 vs. 28.85±8.56, CRP(g/L):23.25±8.26 vs. 28.32±8.52,SLEDAI(score):2.58±1.86 vs. 4.18±2.31,P0.05). Conclusion TGP is a safe and effective treatment for patients with SLE accompanied by low WBC,and it also can significantly reduce the use of glucocorticoid dosage and the incidence of infection in such patients.